Japanese History

The era of Japanese history

1. Initial period (until 710 AD) * 660 BC according to legend (Kojiki and Nihon Shoki), Emperor Jimmu (descendant of the sun goddess, the most important goddess in Shintoism) and is crowned The first emperor of Japan alt a. 13000 - 300 BC Jomon period (rope), baked unleavened ceramics decorated with motifs such as rope twisting pattern. Residents together in small tribes hunting, gathering and fishing. b. 300 BC - 300 AD the Yayoi (Yayoi is the name of archaeological sites), rice cultivation development to help create the social structure, the lands are agreed at the hands of powerful landowners. The visitors from the Han and Wei told a Queen Himiko (or Pimiku) ruled Japan. Pottery beautiful, bright brown, no pattern, but the shape of balance and refinement that simple (soil type map Yayoi). Bronze Age cultures from China (Han) was introduced in Japan.Iron was brought from Korea to Japan. c. 300 to 710 times kofun (sepulcher), the ancient tomb built for the leaders of the tribe. * Between TK IV independent clans scattered throughout Japan gradually gathered under the Yamato clan ( Yamoto peninsula located at the southwestern island of Honshu, the gateway to culture from mainland Japan). The capital is often moved from city to city-head TK V Han was transferred to Japan. * TK VI Between Confucianism, Taoism and Buddhism (538/552) from China imported to Japan . * 593 Prince Shotoku (Shotoku Taishi) (the Soga clan) became regent. He's constitution "Cross ataxia" (Kenpo Jushichijo), sent many delegations to the mainland to study. Cross ataxia based on Confucian principles, although there are some elements of Buddhism. Title of Emperor (Tenno) appears here. * 645 Soga clan destroyed, power back Emperor Kotoku, effective as Taika, the modernization of the new reform (Taika nokashin), concentrated national power prepare the establishment of the capital. 2. Nara period (710-794) This is the first capital of the emperor. Capital of Nara was built in Tang Chang'an model. greatly influenced by Chinese culture. Buddhism the state religion. alt * capital of Nara 710 is constructed called Heijokyo. * 712 epic Kojiki (with sign) is written in Japanese. * use message Nihonshoki 718 (Japan Secretariat) or Nihongi (Japan century) written in Han culture. * About 760 of Manyoshu (Van Diep file) post 4500 poetry collection, written in Japanese is called Manyogana (Van Diep disguise). * 784 the capital moved to Nagaoka. 3. Heian period (794 - 1192) This is the era of aristocracy, the family. Power from the emperor turns Fujiwara. Actually since 898 might be called the Fujiwara period. The thought and art from China arrived in Japan of Japanese gradually. The development of scripts to facilitate Kana Japanese literature really. alt * 794 Kanmu emperor moved his capital to Heian (Kyoto). * 805 Saicho Chinese ambassador returned, up Tiantai. * 805 Great Master Kobo return from China, setting up concrete Proverbs. * 806 An Anthology Kokin wakashu poetry (Stock kim lilac collection), also known as Kokinshu (Co metal file.) * 1004 to 1011 period porcelain woman Murasaki Shikibu novel written in natural Genji monogatari (Stories Prince Genji). * 1016 Fujiwara power culminated with Michinaga Fujiwara. After Michinaga leadership of the Fujiwara decline. The landowners hire samurai to protect the manor, from the elite military increasingly influential, particularly in eastern Japan. * 1053 Hoodo (Phoenix Road) was built. * 1068's power line Fujiwara ended when they last crowned Emperor Go-Sanjo determined to reign the country. * Go-Sanjo abdicated in 1086 but remained in power from backstage. This new form of government known as Insei government. The emperor Insei political power from 1086 to 1156 when Taira Kiyomori became the new leader of Japan. * TK XII two military clans native aristocracy holds more power: the Minamoto (or Genji) and Taira (or Heike). They Taira replace the Fujiwara nobles in several important positions, but they have been Minamoto military experience by bringing the northern part of Honshu in the control of Japan during the war nine years (1050-1059) and 3 years after the war (1083-1087). * Heiji Rebellion in 1159, struggle for power between the two clans, Taira Kiyomori became the leader of Japan from 1168 to 1178. He not only had to cope with them Minamoto, but also to the Buddhist clergy. * 1175 Ambassador Homen Pure tone up. * 1180 to 1185 after Kiyomori died, two Taira and Minamoto clans in the battle to decide the right force (war Gempei). Minamoto their 1185 victory. * 1191 Zen Buddhism was introduced into Japan.4. Kamakura period (1192 - 1333) alt * 1192 Yorimoto become shogun (shogun) set the General Government, or shogunate (bakufu) (general government) in Kamakura, in eastern Japan, the beginning of time University of priceless. Shogunate regime in parallel with the government of the emperor in 1868. * 1199 Yorimoto dead father was Hojo Yorimoto Tokimawa (descendant Taira) occupying power. * 1203 Tokimawa Yorimoto is up son Minamoto Sanetomo as general, and Tokimawa become Shikken (Executive power). * 1219 Sanetomo killed, general Minamoto lineage was extinct. From then on, they invited Hojo Fujiwara their lineage and the prince of the royal capital in general as a puppet. Hojo They really take control of the country in 1333. * 1221 rebellion Jokyu: Emperor Hojo Gotoba attack to seize power and failed. By redistribution of land seized in the rebellion Jokyu, Hojo captured their loyalty from the most powerful people in the country. Hojo They really take control of the country to 1333 * 1227 Zen master Dogen (Dao Nguyen) returns from China, Tao Dong made ​​concrete, an important sect of Zen Buddhism.* 1232 Law Joei (Joei Shikimoku) is the government's announcement they Hojo, its emphasis on the Confucian values ​​such as loyalty to the owner, and generally try to limit the degradation of ethics and discipline. * War Stories 1250 they signed on the line Hei (Taira): Heike monogatari. * 1253 Ambassador Nichiren (Japanese Contact) Japan The tone set. * 1274 to 1275 the first invasion of the Mongols were defeated, largely because of bad weather. * 1281 invasion second strategy of the Mongols were defeated, it is mainly because of bad weather. 5. Muromachi period (1333 - 1603) a. Northern and Southern Dynasty period (1333 - 1392) * 1333 General Government Kamakura (Hojo clan) was Emperor Go-Daigo overthrow. * 1334 Kemmu the restoration: the emperor in power again, but did not last long. * 1338 claiming Takauji Ashikaga shogun in Kyoto. Emperor Go-Daigo to Yoshino runs south of Kyoto (South Korea). Also Takauji made ​​emperor Misuaki (North) in Kyoto. This may be because the debate on the throne of the royal line two after the death of Emperor Go-Saga in 1272. * 1378 Ashikaga Yoshimitsu (Takauji grandson) built the business on the streets of Muromachi shogunate in capital, should be referred to as the Muromachi shogunate. * 1392 at the request of Yoshimitsu, the emperor of the dynasty abdicated Nam and transfer the security symbol of the king's authority for Northern Dynasty emperor. b. Warring States (Sengoku) (1467-1573)War between the family homeless and rebellion of the peasants. * 1457 to 1477 in order to compete for the disorder Onin shogun and military domains. * 1485 uprising farm People in the province of Yamashiro, build self-government.* class clergy and denominational rivalry to war. * 1500 civil war country. * 1397 Kinkakuji (Kim and free) was built in Kyoto. * 1360 - 1450 No development stage and finishing with two fathers and Zeami Kanami children. * 1469 painter Sesshu returned from China, a master of painting water wear. * From the TK XVI Japan began contact with the West (Portugal and Spain). * 1549 Christianity to Japan. c. Azuchi-Momoyana (1573 - 1603) * 1573 shogun Oda Nobunaga finally overthrew the Ashikaga clan. Muromachi shogunate to this destruction. Nobunaga no claim to Admiral. * 1582 Nobunaga was killed, just take over a province of Japan is 30/66. His successor Toyotomi Hideyoshi.* 1590 Hideyoshi basically reunification after defeating them at the Odawara Hojo. He only made ​​the white officials (equivalent vizier), but actually holds all power. * Hideyoshi twice 1592 and 1597 carrying troops to beat Korea. * 1587 Hideyoshi increased persecution of Christian missionaries. * 1598 Hideyoshi died, leaving his son Hideyori by Tokugawa Ieyasu and four lords (daimyo) assisting others. 6. Edo (Tokugawa, from 1603 to 1868) Time of townspeople and merchants, were compared with the European Renaissance. * 1600 Tokugawa Ieyasu crushed the rebels at the battle of Sekigahara, calling himself "Admiral" established the shogunate in Edo. * Room 1603 Emperor Ieyasu was "Chinh di great general." Ieyashu increased foreign trade. Ieyasu * From 1614 to strengthen the Christian persecution. * 1615 Ieyashu up to Osaka and kill Toyotomi clan, and those who followed him no longer enemies. Peace was established during the Edo period. So the samurai (samurai) not only fighting arts but also literature, philosophy and art, for example, tea etiquette ... * 1639 Japan almost totally isolated with the outside world. * 1681 poet Matsuo Basho began perfecting haiku (17 syllable poems). * 1682 Ihara Saikaku began writing novels about the urban population. * 823 drawings the artist Hokusai painting "Thirty-six mountain Fuji ". * 1853 and 1854 Admiral Perry (USA) to Japan. 7. Modern and modern period (from 1868 -) a. Meiji period (1868 - 1912)before the pressure inside and outside the country, the regime of General Government disbanded. Power restored to the emperor. * 1867 Matsuhito throne, the Emperor Meiji effect (Meiji). * 1868 moved his capital to Edo, renamed Tokyo (Tokyo). Thus the emperor was based in Nanjing Nara, Kyoto and Western economic finally Tokyo. * 1872 The first railway line connecting Tokyo and Yokohama. * Meiji Constitution promulgated in 1889 (valid until 1946). * 1894 - 1895 Sino - Japan. * 1904 - 1905 Russian war - Japan. Winning both China and Russia, Japan became the powerhouse. Japanese Korean protected. b. Time militarism (1912 - 1945) * 1912 emperor Meiji died. Crowned Emperor Taisho (1912-1926). Termination of the period ruled by minority group and switch to a parliamentary and democratic parties. * 1914 entered World War I, at the Allies, but only plays a small role in the fight against the military German colonialism in East Asia. * 1923 a major earthquake in the Kanto (Tokyo area - Yokohama). * 1931 event Manchuria, Japan occupied Manchuria and established Manchukuo (Manchukuo) in 1932. * 1937 War Second Sino-Japanese war. * 1940 associated with Nazi Germany - Italy, the war in Southeast Asia and the Pacific. * 1945 Japan surrendered after two atomic bombs were dropped on Hiroshima the U.S. military and Nagasaki. c. After the war (1945 -) * from 1945 to 1952 the U.S. occupation of Japan: Japan was the first foreign military occupation. * 1946 a new constitution was promulgated, the emperor lost all political power and military and only a symbol of the country. Application of universal suffrage and ensuring human rights. Japan banned the war leader and maintain an army. Shinto and the state are clearly separated. * - 1954 Japanese Self-Defense Forces was formed. After the defeat, Japan's rapid recovery and economic development at a rate of "magic." The court great emperor from 1868:* 1868 to 1912 period Meiji * 1912 to 1926 period Taisho * 1926 to 1989 period Showa * 1989 - Heisei this time: Akihoto crowned emperor is the emperor and the first 125.