Geography
Korea on the Korean Peninsula, a peninsula stretching 1,000 km from north to south, in the northeastern part of the Asian continent, where the waters of the peninsula adjacent to the westernmost part of the Pacific. The northern peninsula, bordering China and Russia. East of the peninsula is the East Sea, beyond which neighboring Japan. Besides the Peninsula, there are more than 3,200 small islands.
The total area of the peninsula is 222,154 km2, roughly the area of the UK or Romania. Not including land reclamation, land area is 99,617 km2, accounting for 45% of the total area. Mountainous terrain about two-thirds of the territory, like Turkey, Hungary or Ireland. Taebaeksan range runs the length of the east coast, where waves smashed into the Sea Mountain has created sheer cliffs and rocky islets. Western and southern flanks Peninsula smoother, with plains and many offshore islands forming the coves. peninsula features many mountains and rivers great, so Koreans have often likened their country as a beautifully embroidered brocade. Mount Baekdusan northern peninsula is the highest mountain at a height of 2.744m compared to sea level and stretches along the northern border adjacent to China. Baekdusan the volcano has ceased operations where a large lava lake has been formed under the name Cheonji. The mountain is regarded as a special symbol of the Korean spirit and is mentioned in the national anthem. Compared to the size of the territory, the peninsula where the number of relatively large rivers. Waterway system plays a crucial role in shaping the lifestyle of the South and in the industrialization of the country. The two longest rivers in North Amnokgang River (Yalu, 790 kilometers) and Dumangang (Tumen, 521 kilometers). These rivers originate from mountains Baekdusan then turn down the west and east, forming the northern border of the peninsula. In the southern peninsula, Nakdonggang River (525km) and the Hangang River (494 km) is two major waterways. Hangang River flows through Seoul, the capital of South Korea, is considered the path to being crowded population centers in the central area of Korea today, as it helped the people of the kingdom ancient development along the waterfront. Surrounded on three sides of the peninsula, the ocean plays an important role in the lives of ancient Korea and has contributed to the development of shipbuilding industry and maritime skills.
Climate
Korea has four distinct seasons. Spring and autumn are quite short, hot summers and wet winters are cold, dry and heavy snow, especially in mountainous areas, not along the south coast. The climate is also different in other parts of the country, with average temperatures from 60C (430F) to 160C (610F). The average temperature in August, the hottest month of the year is from 190C (660F) to 270C (810F), while temperatures in January, the coldest month of the year from-80C (170F) to 70C (430F) .
In early spring, usually on the Korean Peninsula "sand / gold dust" by the wind from the deserts of northern China. But in mid-April, the country enjoys a mild climate with mountains and plains covered in vibrant colors of wildflowers. This is when farmers prepare for sowing annual crops.
With dry air and clear blue sky crystal clear, autumn is the season that all Koreans are like. Rural landscape with beautiful colors, unusual diversity. Autumn is harvest season, is also the season of festivals rooted in folk traditions of the ancient farmers.
People and Population
Koreans are a people only speak one language and. With its own physical characteristics, the South is considered to be descendants of several Mongol tribes migrating from Central Asia to Korean Peninsula. In the 7th century, many countries of the Peninsula for the first time was first unified under the Silla Kingdom (57 tr.CN - 935 s.CN). Such consistency has made virtually no Koreans caught in the ethnic issues and maintain strong solidarity. In late 2007, Korea's population is 48 million 450 thousand, of North Korea is 23 million 200 thousand, the total population of South Korea and North Korea combined is 71 million 650 thousand. Growth rate of population 60 years is 3% / 1 year, entered the 70 speed reduced to 2% / 1 year. In 2005 the rate of population growth is forecast to 0.21% and in 2020 this rate dropped to 0.02%. A notable trend in Korea's demographics is the aging population by years. The figures in 1999 showed that 6.9% of Korea's population aged 65 or over and by 2005, the figure was 9.1%. Trend of population aging is due to low birthrate and high life expectancy, estimated in 2020 to become part of the aging population will account for about 15.7%. In 1960, the population structure of South Korea formed a pyramid, with a high birth rate and life expectancy is relatively short. But the age structure is currently made up of a bell by a low birth rate and life expectancy extended. As of 2020, the proportion of young population (under age 15) will decrease, while the elderly population (over age 65) will account for 15.7% of the total population. The process of industrialization and urban of rapid in 1960 and 1970 has led to the continuous movement of people from rural to city, especially Seoul, making rapid population growth in these areas. However, in recent years, some residents moved to Seoul suburb of growing up.
Language
All Korean people are generally a language, which is considered the decisive factor in creating a strong national identity of them. The HQ has developed a number of dialects other than standard language used in Seoul. However, the dialects, except for languages spoken in the province of Jeju-do, are quite similar to the standard language, so speakers of dialects can understand each other without difficulty. The linguist and ethnographers have classified the Korean language belongs to the Altaic languages include Turkish, Mongolian and Tungus languages - Manchu. Hangeul , the Korean alphabet invented by King Sejong in the 15th century. Before the alphabet was born, only a tiny fraction of the population can handle Chinese characters because it's too hard.
In the effort to invent a Korean writing system, King Sejong studied many different writing systems known at that time, including the ancient Han, Uighur word and writing system of Mongols. However, the system that they decided to choose is primarily based on phonetics. The system was developed by an overarching principle is the division of syllables into three parts, including the first phonemes, phonemes and phonemes between the last, as opposed to the division of syllables into two parts in the phonological Han's neck. Hangeul consists of 10 vowels and 14 consonants, can be combined into countless groups of syllables. This alphabet is simple, systematic, comprehensive, and is considered one of the scientific writing systems in the world. Hangeul is very easy to learn and write, thus contributing a large part to the high literacy rate and an industry development in the Korean press.
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